Jude the Obscure

Jude the Obscure is Thomas Hardy’s final and most controversial novel, published in 1895, which traces the tragic downfall of Jude Fawley, a working-class stonemason in rural Wessex who nurtures scholarly ambitions to study at the fictional Christminster University, modeled after Oxford. Seduced into a hasty marriage with the sensual Arabella Donn, who fakes a pregnancy, Jude’s dreams unravel further when he falls deeply in love with his freethinking cousin Sue Bridehead, an independent schoolteacher trapped in her own unhappy marriage to Jude’s former mentor, Phillotson. As their illicit relationship defies Victorian conventions on marriage, class, and religion—leading to social ostracism, children born out of wedlock, and a devastating child murder-suicide by their despondent stepson Little Father Time—the novel culminates in profound personal ruin, exposing the hypocrisies of institutions that crush individual aspirations.